Cutting down on gas

The higher mileage and emission standards set by the US Obama administration, which begin to take effect in 2012 and are to be achieved by 2016, will transform the famously oversized American car and truck fleet and the shape of cars that come to the Bahrain market.

Some drivers will have to give up hulking sport utility vehicles. Construction workers will still haul materials around in pickup trucks, but they will cost more. Nearly everybody else will drive smaller cars, and more of them will run on electricity.

The new rules would bring new cars and trucks sold in the US to an average of 35.5 miles per gallon (15 kpl), about 10 mpg (4.2 kpl) more than today's standards. Passenger cars will be required to get 39 mpg (16.5 kpl), light trucks 30 mpg (12.7 kpl).

That means cars and trucks on American roads will have to become smaller, lighter and more efficient.

Eric Fedewa, forecasting for the auto consulting firm CSM Worldwide in Northville, Michigan, said the changes will make pickup trucks so much more expensive that they will be used almost exclusively for work.

And instead of a minivan or SUV, more parents will haul their families in much smaller vehicles with three rows of seats - something more like the Mazda 5 small van, he said.

The Mazda 5 gets about 28 mpg (11.9 kpl) on the highway. "I think what you'll see is a lot more creativity in interior packaging," Fedewa said. "You'll get more rows of seats where you traditionally had cargo space."

The changes will start with smaller cars and trucks, and improvements to the internal combustion engine, Fedewa said. Automakers also already working on new technology,

including direct fuel injection and high compression of the air-fuel mixture, that will make cars and trucks more efficient.

Car companies are rewiring vehicles so components such as air conditioners and power steering pumps are powered by electricity rather than by the engine, saving fuel.

And they're developing computer-controlled transmissions with six or more gears, adding efficiency, and rolling out more gas-electric hybrids - among the few cars sold today that meet the 2016 standards.

Of course, developing the technology will cost money - billions of dollars - and automakers will pass that on to their customers.

The Obama administration says the changes mean the average vehicle would cost about $1,300 more, although some private analysts say the increase will be much heftier. The

administration says petrol savings will make up the difference in about three years.

Automakers have said they need stable, relatively high gasoline prices to create a market for electric vehicles.

American consumers have already shown their car-buying habits can change rapidly depending on petrol prices. When fuel cost $4 a gallon last summer, people flocked to

smaller cars. Petrol is much cheaper in the US now, and sales of hybrids have plummeted.

"The US consumer has consistently chosen performance over fuel economy given the relatively low cost of fuel," David Leiker, senior automotive analyst for Robert W. Baird

& Co. in Milwaukee, wrote in a note to investors.

In recent years GM and other auto executives were doubtful they could meet even less stringent standards, but industry experts say the technology has changed since then, especially with new lithium-ion batteries.

GM also is looking at electric trucks, which may bring them even closer to the goals.

Earlier this year, Toyota said it planned to launch as many as 10 new hybrid models worldwide by early 2010, and it plans to bring a new version of the Prius to the US in

the coming weeks.

Honda's new Insight hybrid is already on sale in the US and Mazda, meanwhile, has said it plans to focus less on hybrid vehicles and more on improvements to its basic internal combustion engine.