Focus on treatment for eye disease

Though it is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 and affects 25-30 million people, age-related macular degeneration remains a condition that is often little understood by even those who are at high risk of developing the disease.

Ophthalmologists consider AMD to be a major cause of blindness in the Gulf region. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet and smoking means that many are affected by deteriorating vision loss as a result. Patients are not aware of the importance of early diagnosis in effectively treating the disease.

"We need much more awareness about the importance of regular eye checks, particularly for people over the age of 50," said Dr Manal Taryam, pictured, president of Medical Association Ophthalmic Society.

"One of the reasons that make AMD a major cause for blindness in our region is late diagnosis, unlike in the Western world, patients in our region often seek medical advice in the late stages of the disease.

"Too many people simply do not understand the risk factors that lead to AMD, as well as the preventive strategies that can be employed to halt or slow the advance of vision loss that occurs as a result of the disease.

"The most critical message is that everyone over the age of 50 must see an eye doctor twice yearly, even if their vision seems perfect.

"Early detection is the most important factor in preventing or slowing the advance of AMD. It is also recommended that individuals in our region should protect their eyes from direct sunlight and enjoy a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet that is rich in anti-oxidants, Omega 3, and Zinc."

In addition to regular eye exams, people can make changes to their nutrition and lifestyle to help prevent or slow macular degeneration:

Eat dark green, leafy vegetables - foods rich in vitamins C and E, selenium, and carotenoids (including beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) - may delay or reduce the severity of AMD. Examples include arugula, broccoli, collard greens, kale, spinach and swiss chard.

Avoid foods that are high in fats and cholesterol, as these can lead to fatty deposits in the macular vessels which can hamper blood flow and increase the risk of AMD.

Eat fish regularly. New research suggests that Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish such as tuna and salmon may protect against the progression of AMD.

Include nuts and olive oil in your diet, as these also contain Omega-3 fatty acids and have shown to be protective.

Don't smoke. In addition to the role of diet, research has shown that AMD is two to three times more likely to occur among tobacco smokers; and, the risk is dose dependent. In other words, the more you smoke, the greater the risk and the faster the progression of the disease.

Understand your risk factors in terms of lifestyle and family history. There may be a genetic link in the occurrence of AMD.

Other risk factors include age, exposure to sunlight, obesity, lack of exercise and hypertension.