Hydrogen — one of the most abundant elements — can be harnessed to produce energy because of its instability.
But that same quality, which helps it produce energy when it combines with oxygen, provides its greatest problem, since at high concentrations, it can explode, or suffocate a human being in an enclosed space, safety experts say. Nonetheless, it is regarded as the perfect fuel, because its main byproduct is water instead of carbon emissions which are blamed for global warming. And there are several hubs of international activity that are determined to prove the idea can work. DaimlerChrysler, Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, Ford and other auto manufacturers have all produced test vehicles powered by fuel cells. General Motors’ goal is to be the first automaker to sell one million fuel cell vehicles, according to a California initiative. Symbolic of the huge technological handicaps ahead, the California Fuel Cell Partnership (CFCP) — which has less than 200 light duty fuel-celled vehicles on the roads in California — has set a goal of only 300 to be placed in fleet demonstration projects. CFCP is also promoting the development of hydrogen combustion engines, with the hopes of having 2,000 such vehicles on the roads by 2010. California has already opened 22 hydrogen fuelling stations, with plans for another 15. CFCP is co-ordinating co-operation among all its 31 members, who include DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Hyundai, Nissan, Honda, Toyota and a number of fuel companies. At the heart of many of the new vehicle developments is the Canadian-based Ballard Power Systems, which has partnered with Mercedes-Benz to deploy 30 buses around Europe that are powered with 205 kilowatt engines. But Robert Rose, a founder of the Breakthrough Technologies Institute and a leading advocate for fuel cell technology, warned recently in the online Green Car journal of remaining “substantial challenges ahead.” He also pointed out the need for a new “man on the moon” style commitment from the government — a sum much greater than the modest $1.2 billion hydrogen fuel initiative launched by US President George Bush in 2003. Fuel cell enthusiasts say those costs would be brought down with higher production numbers and more experience.